Hypertension refers to a number of diseases associated with the cardiovascular system. What is hypertension and how is it expressed? In medicine, this disease is called arterial hypertension, it is expressed by regular high blood pressure in humans (from 190 to 40 ml of mercury and above). Disease is a common problem of humanity.
Causes of hypertension
Arterial hypertension is a multifactorial disease that develops for a long time and does not manifest itself in any way. The causes and favorable conditions under which hypertension manifests itself are absolutely versatile:
- Accommodations;
- stressful situations;
- professional activity;
- electromagnetic fields and radiation;
- nutritional characteristics;
- development pathology;
- diabetes;
- high cholesterol.
In addition, the cause of hypertension is a genetic predisposition. The causes of hypertension in women are due to difficult deliveries or postpartum stress.
Symptoms of pathology.
Very often, the first signs of hypertension do not arouse suspicion, since they are the consequences of usual fatigue and overwork. But if you feel a regular manifestation of symptoms, and when measuring pressure, it constantly rises, you should definitely see a doctor. Signs of hypertension in the initial stage:
- headache (develops in the occipital region and encircles the head), which can occur at any time of the day, aggravated by bending over or sudden movements;
- pain in the heart area, with experiences and stress;
- Ringing in the ears;
- dizziness, blurred vision.
- feeling of anxiety;
- sensation of pulsation in the head;
- overwork.
With the progression of the disease, the symptoms of hypertension are aggravated, the hypertensive patient manifests excessive sweating, swelling of the face, swelling of the hands, and memory impairment.
A hypertensive crisis is an exacerbation that occurs in a patient with hypertension. An exacerbation is characterized by a sharp increase in blood pressure. This condition can be caused by stress, exercise, or medication discontinuation.
Hypertensive patients during exacerbation experience the following condition:
- feeling nauseous (vomiting may begin);
- sharp darkening in the eyes;
- dyspnoea;
- sensation of intense pain in the head and chest;
- redness of the face
Diagnosis
| Basic diagnostic methods | Description |
|---|---|
| pressure measurement | A portable medical device is attached to the patient's belt and a cuff is placed on the shoulder. After a few time intervals, the cuff inflates and the wearable device will set the pressure. During the day, blood pressure is recorded every 10-15 minutes, and at night - every 30 minutes. |
| Blood and urine test | The analysis can determine the level of hemoglobin, hematocrit, potassium, calcium, creatine glucose, shows the level of cholesterol. |
| Instrumental diagnosis of the heart. |
|
| Vision test | An ophthalmologist performs an eye exam. In the early stage of the disease, the retinal veins expand and the arteries narrow. |
| Ultrasound of the kidneys and adrenal glands | With an increase in pressure, the nephrons, the blood filter, die in the kidneys. This can result in kidney failure. Medical ultrasound of the kidneys reveals: tumors in the adrenal glands, possible pathologies of the kidney tissue. |
pathology treatment
During treatment, patients should lead a calm lifestyle, in which stress and emotional overload are not present. Patients need to spend more time in the fresh air, it is best to take long walks in the woods, in the park, near the reservoir. It is imperative to follow a diet, as proper nutrition is the key to successful treatment of high blood pressure.
Medical
Treatment of hypertension depends on the stage of the disease. The main goal of treatment is to minimize the risk of developing cardiovascular complications and prevent the threat of death.
The goal of drug therapy is to lower blood pressure, that is, to eliminate the cause of this vascular condition. At the beginning of the treatment of hypertension, monotherapy and combination are appropriate. When it is ineffective, I use low-dose combinations of antihypertensive drugs.
The attending physician prescribes drug treatment for hypertension after studying the diagnostic results. If hypertension occurs, therapy is carried out with drugs such as:
- Alpha and beta blockers are prescribed for patients with cardiovascular problems. To prevent heart complications, these are the best means, but not the best.
- Vasodilators reduce pressure, but can be used for a long time, since the drug is addictive (use no more than 2 weeks).
- Diuretics and calcium antagonists produce a long-term effect. These drugs gradually normalize blood pressure.
- Administration of calcium blockers together with diuretics. These drugs block the absorption of calcium by the vessels, as a result, they expand and the pressure decreases.
Home remedies
- Beetroot. Beetroot juice should be consumed 3 times in 24 hours, 0. 5-2 cups (2-3 weeks).
- black aroniaTo be treated with this method, you need to drink juice 3 times a day (2 weeks). Then the reception is interrupted for a week, after which the treatment continues.
- Garlic. 3 heads of garlic and 3 lemons need to be chopped in a meat grinder. Porridge is poured 1, 25 liters. boiling water, infused for a day, mixed. Take 50 ml 30 minutes before meals and before going to bed (3 weeks).
- Blueberry and honey. You need to mix half a glass of cranberry juice and half a glass of honey. Reception is carried out 3 times a day, 1 teaspoon for 2 weeks.
- Medicinal herbs are used as a non-pharmacological treatment of hypertension: chamomile, St. John's wort, motherwort, calendula clover. Decoctions of these plants can be used to treat and prevent the causes of hypertension, as they have a calming and anti-stress effect.
diet for hypertension
Treatment of hypertension includes diet as an important factor in recovery. Diet in hypertension plays an important role. Therefore, there are recommendations that relate to diet. Limit salty, fried, and fatty foods. From the diet you need to eliminate butter, beef, mayonnaise and sour cream. Instead of animal fats, you should choose vegetable fats. Simpler foods are recommended: cereals, vegetables and fruits, foods containing potassium (cottage cheese, potatoes, citrus fruits, dried fruits, oatmeal). Dieting and making the right food choices will help lower cholesterol, which in turn will lower blood pressure and reduce the harmful health effects of sodium.
The main rule if arterial hypertension appears and is discovered is simple: you need to see a doctor, since a hypertensive person should be treated under his control.
That is dangerous?
Causes a disorder of the central nervous system:
- headache;
- Decreased work capacity;
- race.
Causes disorder in the internal organs:
- Acute renal failure. There is an uneven distribution of blood throughout the body.
- Cardiac ischemia. With a significant load, the heart begins to grow like a muscle, and the vessels do not develop, the oxygen supply is interrupted, while the working force does not change, overload occurs.
- Visual impairment (dilation of large vessels and narrowing of small ones).
- Violation of sexual function (in men, it occurs due to intermittent blood supply to the penis, which can cause blockage of the arteries that feed it).
Hypertension entails a number of additional deviations. Developing and progressive hypertension entails serious consequences that make it difficult to treat the pathology. The risk of stroke and heart attack increases significantly with high blood pressure. The more hypertension progresses, the more severe the deviation becomes.