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Hypertension

What is hypertension

Hypertension is a condition in which the blood pressure level increases stable, which is set by repeated measurements. The increase in pressure is a accompanying factor in many diseases and can cause the development of complications of the cardiovascular system.

Hypertension requires constant control and pharmacological treatment. In the modern "MedcentRService" clinic you can undergo a complete exam, if necessary, the doctor will select effective therapy.

Varieties of arterial hypertension

The most common mixed hypertension form, in which systolic and diastolic pressure increases. Less frequently, only a type of blood pressure is growing, which is characteristic of the elderly.

Due to the occurrence, 2 types of arterial hypertension are distinguished:

  1. Primary or essential. It is impossible to establish the exact cause of the disease, since there are no pathologies that can cause an increase in pressure. Most of the time, essential hypertension appears due to tensions, a sedentary lifestyle, as a result of a genetic predisposition.
  2. Secondary. A consequence of other diseases, can accurately determine the cause of the increase in pressure. In most cases, secondary hypertension develops if a person has kidney diseases.

Depending on the level of systolic and diastolic pressure, 3 degrees of hypertension are distinguished:

  • 1 grade. It continues softly, an increase in systolic blood pressure at 140 mm Hg is observed. Art. , Diastolic - Up to 90 mm Hg. Art.
  • 2 degrees. Moderate, the pressure increases to 180/110 mm Rt. Art. Organic lesions of the cardiovascular system organs can be observed.
  • 3 degrees. There is an increase in systolic and/or diastolic pressure to the 200/115 mm HG mark. Art. This condition can cause serious complications, since the blood supply to the internal organs is disturbed.

Important! If first -degree hypertension is not treated, then there is a high probability that the disease progresses. Very high pressure indicators can cause a hypertensive crisis, which is full of stroke.

Complications

With a long or severe course of hypertension, complications may occur. Among the most dangerous, they stand out:

  1. The brain injury that becomes a stroke. The consequences of the disease are unpredictable, and the rehabilitation period takes a long time.
  2. Heart disease and circulatory system: myocardial infarction, arterial aneurysm.
  3. Kidney diseases. In the context of arterial hypertension, renal failure can be developed, an imbalance in the volume of salt and liquid in the body can occur.

The frequent complication is hypertensive crises. The short -term periodic pressure elevators are accompanied by severe headache, vomiting and rapid beats.

Diagnosis and examination with increased blood pressure

Hypertension can lead to serious complications, so it is important to diagnose the disease in a timely manner. First, you must measure the pressure and examine the so -called objective organs.

The necessary steps to make the diagnosis of "hypertension" and calculate the severity of the disease:

  1. The pressure measurement is independent periodic at home, in the doctor's office.
  2. Passing blood and urine analysis.
  3. The evaluation of heart muscle work is performed using a phonoscope or more detailed, through an ECG or ultrasound of the heart.
  4. Dopplegraphy: It allows you to evaluate the state of blood that passes through the glasses to the heart.
  5. Arteriography: It allows to see the condition of the arterial walls.
  6. Inspection of the bottom of the eye: necessary in the initial stage of hypertension. With an increase in the pressure of the retinal vein, the eyes expand and the arteries are reduced.
  7. Ultrasound of the kidneys and adrenal glands: the study allows you to evaluate the work of the kidneys, identify damage to renal tissue.

Important! In the first signs of hypertension, you should definitely consult a doctor. The timely diagnosis and complete exam will allow you to choose an effective treatment and avoid complications.

Hypertension prevention

For hypertension prevention, it must adhere to a series of simple recommendations:

  1. Measure blood pressure regularly, lead a newspaper with its indicators. Even a small deviation of 10 mm Hg. Art. Systolic or diastolic blood pressure, if this happens regularly, can become an alarming bell.
  2. Follow the way of life: motor activity, nutrition, exclude bad habits.
  3. Study regularly on the doctor.

Compliance with these simple rules will help minimize risks.

Rules to measure blood pressure for the diagnosis of arterial hypertension

To obtain an objective image when measuring the pressure, it is important:

  1. At least half an hour before the procedure, abandoning smoking, tea consumption, coffee, alcohol and other stimulating drinks, meals and physical effort.
  2. By measuring the pressure, take a convenient position and do not cross your legs.
  3. The pressure gauge must be at the level of the heart.
  4. To minimize errors, it is recommended to repeat the procedure 2-3 times.
  5. The difference between the indicators in the left and right hand can be 10 mm Hg. Art. Or even 20 mm Hg. Art.

To obtain an objective image, measure the pressure at home and add data to the newspaper.

Hypertension is one of the most common diseases among people of different ages. Therefore, it is important to be responsible for your health and periodically examine the doctor.

The causes of hypertension

Sometimes, blood pressure can increase in an absolutely healthy person: this is a natural reaction of the body to stress and physical activity. If in a quiet state, at least with three control measurements, there is an increase in blood pressure to 140/90 mm Hg. Art. Or more, there is a probability of a diagnosis: hypertension.

La enfermedad se desarrolla debido a mecanismos deteriorados que regulan la presión arterial. Hay varias razones que provocan el aumento de la presión arterial:

  1. Hipertensión arterial renal congénita o adquirida. En caso de violación del flujo sanguíneo renal, los riñones se liberan en el cuerpo, una mayor cantidad de sustancia llamada renina. As a result, there is a small vessel spasm, the vascular walls gradually thickens, an excess of liquid is delayed in the bloodstream. Los procesos descritos aumentan la carga en el corazón, provocan un aumento de la presión arterial.
  2. Estrain nervioso. El estrés y la fatiga crónica a menudo conducen al desarrollo de la hipertensión.
  3. Mal funcionamiento hormonal y trastorno metabólico. Conducen a trastornos circulatorios en los tejidos.

A menudo, se observa un aumento en la presión arterial con la edad. Para las personas de 20 a 40 años, la presión normal es de 120/70–130/80 mm Hg. Art. , 40-60 años - 140/90 mm Hg. Art. , Más de 60 años - 140/90–150/90 mm Hg. Art.

Una causa bastante común de patología es la herencia. Además, los factores que provocan alta presión incluyen:

  • Smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages;
  • sedentary lifestyle;
  • overweight;
  • Inadequate nutrition.

If a person has a history of at least one of the above risk factors, it is recommended to submit regularly to a physical exam and take all the necessary evidence. It is important to consider that hypertension in the initial stage can be developed without pronounced symptoms.

Symptoms of hypertension

Hypertension is an insidious disease. In the initial stage, the pathology may not show itself, but the asymptomatic course is no less dangerous. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly measure blood pressure and undergo medical examination. This is especially important for patients in a risk group.

The first symptoms of hypertension:

  • frequent headaches;
  • nasal bleeding;
  • heart rate violation;
  • vision of vision;
  • Tinnitus.

With more severe hypertension, previous symptoms can join:

  • weakness;
  • nausea;
  • vomit;
  • muscle tremor;
  • confusion;
  • Chest pain.

Often, people cancel the appearance of symptoms of general fatigue hypertension. But when the first alarming bells appear, a doctor must immediately consult. With greater pressure, the heart and kidneys work with the maximum load, which can lead to a hypertonic crisis, heart and renal failure.

Hypertension treatment

Hypertension is a chronic disease, in whose treatment an integral approach is needed:

  • Change in lifestyle: It is recommended to increase motor activity, monitor diet;
  • The use of pharmacological therapy will help reduce blood pressure and avoid complications.

Pay attention! Only a doctor can prescribe drug treatment and select the dose of drugs. It cannot self -medicate so as not to aggravate the situation even more.

This article is published only with the purpose of familiarizing for cognitive purposes and is not a medical material or a professional medical advice. For diagnosis and treatment, consult a doctor.